Archive for December 2016

The information-processing approach to development emphasizes:

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The information-processing approach to development emphasizes:





A) the quality of thinking among children of different ages.
B) overcoming certain age-related problems or crises.
C) age-appropriate expressions of sexual energy.
D) that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it.








Answer: D

Erik Erikson's theory emphasizes:

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Erik Erikson's theory emphasizes:



A) repeated resolutions of unconscious conflicts about sexual energy.
B) developmental change throughout the human life span.
C) changes in children's thinking as they mature.
D) the influence of sensitive periods in the various stages of biological maturation.







Answer: B

As he was studying life-span development, Tyrell had to learn several interrelated, coherent sets of ideas that would help him explain and make predictions about development. In other words, Tyrell had to learn:

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As he was studying life-span development, Tyrell had to learn several interrelated, coherent sets of ideas that would help him explain and make predictions about development. In other words, Tyrell had to learn:




A) theories.
B) hypotheses.
C) models.
D) the scientific method.









Answer: A

Rosa is 80 years old. She continues to learn phrases in new languages, she writes poetry, and she enjoys going to museums to see the latest up-and-coming artists. These examples of her adaptive capacities demonstrate her _____ age.

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Rosa is 80 years old. She continues to learn phrases in new languages, she writes poetry, and she enjoys going to museums to see the latest up-and-coming artists. These examples of her adaptive capacities demonstrate her _____ age.





A) chronological
B) biological
C) psychological
D) social









Answer: C

The "young old" of late adulthood:

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The "young old" of late adulthood:




A) experience sizeable losses in cognitive potential.
B) have high levels of frailty.
C) are between 65 and 84 years of age.
D) are at the limits of their functional capacity.









Answer: C

The onset of puberty is an example of a:

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The onset of puberty is an example of a:



A) normative age-graded influence.
B) normative history-graded influence.
C) non-normative life event.
D) non-normative socioemotional event.








Answer: A

Like many others her age, Katherine does not know how to use a computer, but her 6-year-old grandson has no problem navigating the Internet and using a word-processing program. This is an example of a:

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Like many others her age, Katherine does not know how to use a computer, but her 6-year-old grandson has no problem navigating the Internet and using a word-processing program. This is an example of a:



A) normative age-graded influence.
B) normative history-graded influence.
C) non-normative life event.
D) non-normative socioemotional event.







Answer: B

Compared to parents in Japan, parents in the United States are more likely to rear their children to be independent. This research finding supports Baltes's assertion that development is:

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Compared to parents in Japan, parents in the United States are more likely to rear their children to be independent. This research finding supports Baltes's assertion that development is:



A) contextual.
B) multidirectional.
C) multidimensional.
D) plastic.







Answer: A

Which of the following types of organizing the information systems function would you be most likely to find in a small company with 50 employees?

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Which of the following types of organizing the information systems function would you be most likely to find in a small company with 50 employees?



a. As departments within each functional area
b. As a separate, centralized department
c. Represented within each major division of the company
d. None of the above





Answer: D

Which of the following types of organizing the information systems function would you be most likely to find in a very large, multinational corporation?

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Which of the following types of organizing the information systems function would you be most likely to find in a very large, multinational corporation?



a. As departments within each functional area
b. As a separate, centralized department
c. Represented within each major division of the company
d. None of the above









Answer: C

You have been hired by Inspiration Inc, to help improve their profit margin. Inspiration Inc. is a business communications consultancy that services many clients in different industries throughout the United States. The end products of the company are customized recommendations for the best use of a client's existing resources for improving internal communications, typically delivered via documentation in different media. The company has approximately 100 consultants, all of whom are located in their central headquarters in Chicago. What system do you recommend to improve the company's business processes and increase their profit margin?

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You have been hired by Inspiration Inc, to help improve their profit margin. Inspiration Inc. is a business communications consultancy that services many clients in different industries throughout the United States. The end products of the company are customized recommendations for the best use of a client's existing resources for improving internal communications, typically delivered via documentation in different media. The company has approximately 100 consultants, all of whom are located in their central headquarters in Chicago. What system do you recommend to improve the company's business processes and increase their profit margin?






a. Extranet, to enable quick collaboration over the Internet , minimize the time spent communicating with the client, and minimize the amount of paperwork needed
b. CRM, to maintain easily accessible customer records to minimize the time spent looking for client data
c. KMS, for minimizing redundant work on similar clients
d. Marketing system, for improving sales levels








Answer: A

You have been hired by a non-profit agency to implement a system to handle their donations. Event fundraisers need to be able to quickly access a donor's information and history. The marketing department needs to be able to create customized mailing lists, in order to send different messages to different types of donors. What system(s) will best meet these needs?

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You have been hired by a non-profit agency to implement a system to handle their donations. Event fundraisers need to be able to quickly access a donor's information and history. The marketing department needs to be able to create customized mailing lists, in order to send different messages to different types of donors. What system(s) will best meet these needs?



a. TPS
b. TPS with DSS capabilities
c. TPS with MIS capabilities
d. TPS with ESS capabilities






Answer: C

You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their client's constantly updating branding and style guides, which include multiple image files and text documents, to all of their branches. What system will best serve these needs?

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You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their client's constantly updating branding and style guides, which include multiple image files and text documents, to all of their branches. What system will best serve these needs?



a. An intranet with KMS capabilities
b. An extranet with KMS capabilities
c. A TPS with KMS capabilities
d. A sales and marketing information system








Answer: B

You manage the Information Systems department at a small startup Internet advertiser. You need to set up an inexpensive system that allows customers to see real-time statistics such as views and click-throughs about their current banner ads. Which type of system will most efficiently provide a solution?

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You manage the Information Systems department at a small startup Internet advertiser. You need to set up an inexpensive system that allows customers to see real-time statistics such as views and click-throughs about their current banner ads. Which type of system will most efficiently provide a solution?



a. CRM
b. Enterprise system
c. Extranet
d. Intranet










Answer: C

What is the most important benefit of an enterprise application?

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What is the most important benefit of an enterprise application?



a. Enabling speed of communicating
b. Enabling business functions and departments to share information
c. Enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers
d. Enabling cost-effective, e-business processes







Answer: B

The advantage of a having a centralized information services department, which operates as a separate department similar to other departments is:

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The advantage of a having a centralized information services department, which operates as a separate department similar to other departments is:




a. that this is more likely to produce more compatible systems and more coherent long-term systems development plans.
b. that this lowers costs of technology purchases.
c. that systems are built that directly address that function's business needs.
d. that systems are built that can function independently and more efficiently.









Answer: A

A(n) _______________________ collects data from various key business processes and stores the data in a single, comprehensive data repository, usable by other parts of the business.

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A(n) _______________________ collects data from various key business processes and stores the data in a single, comprehensive data repository, usable by other parts of the business.




a. transaction system
b. enterprise system
c. automatic reporting system
d. management information system







Answer: B

These systems often deliver information to senior executives through a portal, which uses a Web interface to present integrated personalized business content:

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These systems often deliver information to senior executives through a portal, which uses a Web interface to present integrated personalized business content:



a. transaction processing systems.
b. executive support systems.
c. management information systems.
d. decision-support systems.








Answer: B

Concur Expense Service software, described in the Interactive Session: Management as software that automates the travel and entertainment expense-reporting process, would be classified as a(n):

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Concur Expense Service software, described in the Interactive Session: Management as software that automates the travel and entertainment expense-reporting process, would be classified as a(n):



a. ESS.
b. DSS.
c. finance and accounting system.
d. human resources system.








Answer: D

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria is an exceedingly rare human genetic disorder in which there is very early senility and death, usually from coronary artery disease, at an average age of approximately 13. Patients, who look very old even as children, do not live to reproduce. Which of the following represents the most likely assumption?

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Hutchinson-Gilford progeria is an exceedingly rare human genetic disorder in which there is very early senility and death, usually from coronary artery disease, at an average age of approximately 13. Patients, who look very old even as children, do not live to reproduce. Which of the following represents the most likely assumption? 




A) All cases must occur in relatives; therefore, there must be only one mutant allele.
B) Successive generations of a family will continue to have more and more cases over time.
C) The disorder may be due to mutation in a single protein-coding gene.
D) Each patient will have had at least one affected family member in a previous generation.
E) The disease is autosomal dominant.







Answer: C

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a recessive human disorder in which an individual cannot appropriately metabolize a particular amino acid. The amino acid is not otherwise produced by humans. Therefore, the most efficient and effective treatment is which of the following?

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a recessive human disorder in which an individual cannot appropriately metabolize a particular amino acid. The amino acid is not otherwise produced by humans. Therefore, the most efficient and effective treatment is which of the following? 





A) Feed them the substrate that can be metabolized into this amino acid.
B) Transfuse the patients with blood from unaffected donors.
C) Regulate the diet of the affected persons to severely limit the uptake of the amino acid.
D) Feed the patients the missing enzymes in a regular cycle, such as twice per week.
E) Feed the patients an excess of the missing product.





Answer: C

The frequency of heterozygosity for the sickle-cell anemia allele is unusually high, presumably because this reduces the frequency of malaria. Such a relationship is related to which of the following?

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The frequency of heterozygosity for the sickle-cell anemia allele is unusually high, presumably because this reduces the frequency of malaria. Such a relationship is related to which of the following? 




A) Mendel's law of independent assortment
B) Mendel's law of segregation
C) Darwin's explanation of natural selection
D) Darwin's observations of competition
E) the malarial parasite changing the allele







Answer: C

An obstetrician knows that one of her patients is a pregnant woman whose fetus is at risk for a serious disorder that is detectable biochemically in fetal cells. The obstetrician would most reasonably offer which of the following procedures to her patient?

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An obstetrician knows that one of her patients is a pregnant woman whose fetus is at risk for a serious disorder that is detectable biochemically in fetal cells. The obstetrician would most reasonably offer which of the following procedures to her patient? 




A) CVS
B) ultrasound imaging
C) amniocentesis
D) blood transfusion
E) X-ray





Answer: C

A scientist discovers a DNA-based test for one allele of a particular gene. This and only this allele, if homozygous, produces an effect that results in death at or about the time of birth. Of the following, which is the best use of this discovery?

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A scientist discovers a DNA-based test for one allele of a particular gene. This and only this allele, if homozygous, produces an effect that results in death at or about the time of birth. Of the following, which is the best use of this discovery? 






A) Screen all newborns of an at-risk population.
B) Design a test for identifying heterozygous carriers of the allele.
C) Introduce a normal allele into deficient newborns.
D) Follow the segregation of the allele during meiosis.
E) Test school-age children for the disorder.







Answer: B

An ideal procedure for fetal testing in humans would have which of the following features?

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An ideal procedure for fetal testing in humans would have which of the following features? 




A) the procedure that can be performed at the earliest time in the pregnancy
B) lowest risk procedure that would provide the most reliable information
C) the procedure that can test for the greatest number of traits at once
D) a procedure that provides a three-dimensional image of the fetus
E) a procedure that could test for the carrier status of the fetus






Answer: A

How could you best predict the maximum number of alleles for a single gene whose polypeptide product is known?

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How could you best predict the maximum number of alleles for a single gene whose polypeptide product is known? 




A) Search the population for all phenotypic variants of this polypeptide.
B) Count the number of amino acids in the polypeptide.
C) Mate all known genotypes and collect all possible offspring different from the parents.
D) Measure the rate of new mutations in the species and estimate the number since it first evolved.
E) Count the number of DNA nucleotides that are in the code for the polypeptides.





Answer: E

Most genes have many more than two alleles. However, which of the following is also true?

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Most genes have many more than two alleles. However, which of the following is also true? 





A) At least one allele for a gene always produces a dominant phenotype.
B) Most of the alleles will never be found in a live-born organism.
C) All of the alleles but one will produce harmful effects if homozygous.
D) There may still be only two phenotypes for the trait.
E) More than two alleles in a genotype is considered lethal.





Answer: D

Which of the following provides an example of epistasis?

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Which of the following provides an example of epistasis? 





A) Recessive genotypes for each of two genes (aabb) results in an albino corn snake.
B) The allele b17 produces a dominant phenotype, although b1 through b16 do not.
C) In rabbits and many other mammals, one genotype (cc) prevents any fur color from developing.
D) In Drosophila (fruit flies), white eyes can be due to an X-linked gene or to a combination of other genes.
E) In cacti, there are several genes for the type of spines.





Answer: C

Hydrangea plants of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Some of the plants produce blue flowers and others pink flowers. This can be best explained by which of the following?

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Hydrangea plants of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Some of the plants produce blue flowers and others pink flowers. This can be best explained by which of the following?





A) the knowledge that multiple alleles are involved
B) the allele for blue hydrangea being completely dominant
C) the alleles being codominant
D) the fact that a mutation has occurred
E) environmental factors such as soil pH






Answer: E

Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, the pancreas, the digestive system, and other organs, resulting in symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to recurrent infections. Which of the following terms best describes this?

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Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, the pancreas, the digestive system, and other organs, resulting in symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to recurrent infections. Which of the following terms best describes this? 






A) incomplete dominance
B) multiple alleles
C) pleiotropy
D) epistasis
E) codominance





Answer: C

In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring of red (RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. Which of the following crosses would produce offspring in the ratio of 1 red:2 roan:1 white?

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In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring of red (RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. Which of the following crosses would produce offspring in the ratio of 1 red:2 roan:1 white?





A) red × white
B) roan × roan
C) white × roan
D) red × roan
E) The answer cannot be determined from the information provided.





Answer: B

Which of the following calculations require that you utilize the addition rule?

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Which of the following calculations require that you utilize the addition rule? 




A) Calculate the probability of black offspring from the cross AaBb × AaBb, when B is the symbol for black.
B) Calculate the probability of children with both cystic fibrosis and polydactyly when parents are each heterozygous for both genes.
C) Calculate the probability of each of four children having cystic fibrosis if the parents are both heterozygous.
D) Calculate the probability of a child having either sickle-cell anemia or cystic fibrosis if parents are each heterozygous for both.
E) Calculate the probability of purple flower color in a plot of 50 plants seeded from a self-fertilizing heterozygous parent plant.





Answer: D

Which of the following is the best statement of the use of the addition rule of probability?

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Which of the following is the best statement of the use of the addition rule of probability? 




A) the probability that two or more independent events will both occur
B) the probability that two or more independent events will both occur in the offspring of one set of parents
C) the probability that either one of two independent events will occur
D) the probability of producing two or more heterozygous offspring
E) the likelihood that a trait is due to two or more meiotic events






Answer: C

Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of crosses BbTt × BBtt will be expected to have black fur and long tails?

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Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of crosses BbTt × BBtt will be expected to have black fur and long tails? 





A) 1/16
B) 3/16
C) 3/8
D) 1/2
E) 9/16






Answer: D

Mendel was able to draw his ideas of segregation and independent assortment because of the influence of which of the following?

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Mendel was able to draw his ideas of segregation and independent assortment because of the influence of which of the following? 





A) His reading and discussion of Darwin's Origin of Species.
B) The understanding of particulate inheritance he learned from renowned scientists of his time.
C) His discussions of heredity with his colleagues at major universities.
D) His experiments with the breeding of plants such as peas and fuchsia.
E) His reading of the scientific literature current in the field.







Answer: E

The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment most probably indicates which of the following?

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The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment most probably indicates which of the following? 





A) None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation.
B) The diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was 7.
C) All of the genes controlling the traits were located on the same chromosome.
D) All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different chromosomes.
E) The formation of gametes in plants occurs by mitosis only.







Answer: D

Mendel accounted for the observation that traits which had disappeared in the F1 generation reappeared in the F2 generation by proposing that

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Mendel accounted for the observation that traits which had disappeared in the F1 generation reappeared in the F2 generation by proposing that 






A) new mutations were frequently generated in the F2 progeny, "reinventing" traits that had been lost in the F1.
B) the mechanism controlling the appearance of traits was different between the F1 and the F2 plants.
C) traits can be dominant or recessive, and the recessive traits were obscured by the dominant ones in the F1.
D) the traits were lost in the F1 due to dominance of the parental traits.
E) members of the F1 generation had only one allele for each trait, but members of the F2 had two alleles for each trait.





Answer: C

A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism?

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A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism? 





A) tt
B) Hh
C) HhTt
D) T
E) HT




Answer: E

Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. What does this suggest?

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Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. What does this suggest? 





A) that the parents were true-breeding for contrasting traits
B) that the trait shows incomplete dominance
C) that a blending of traits has occurred
D) that the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait
E) that each offspring has the same alleles for each of two traits





Answer: D

Which of the following differentiates between independent assortment and segregation?

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Which of the following differentiates between independent assortment and segregation? 






A) The law of independent assortment requires describing two or more genes relative to one another.
B) The law of segregation requires describing two or more genes relative to one another.
C) The law of segregation requires having two or more generations to describe.
D) The law of independent assortment is accounted for by observations of prophase I.
E) The law of segregation is accounted for by anaphase of mitosis.






Answer: A

Why did Mendel continue some of his experiments to the F2 or F3 generation?

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Why did Mendel continue some of his experiments to the F2 or F3 generation? 





A) to obtain a larger number of offspring on which to base statistics
B) to observe whether or not a recessive trait would reappear
C) to observe whether or not the dominant trait would reappear
D) to distinguish which alleles were segregating
E) to be able to describe the frequency of recombination






Answer: B

The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make many kinds of gametes. Which of the following is the major reason?

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The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make many kinds of gametes. Which of the following is the major reason? 






A) segregation of maternal and paternal alleles
B) recurrent mutations forming new alleles
C) crossing over during prophase I
D) different possible alignments of chromosomes
E) the tendency for dominant alleles to segregate together








Answer: D

What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants?

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What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants? 





A) There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas.
B) Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of "blending."
C) Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 generation than do dominant ones.
D) Genes are composed of DNA.
E) An organism that is homozygous for many recessive traits is at a disadvantage.







Answer: B

Why did the F1 offspring of Mendel's classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties?

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Why did the F1 offspring of Mendel's classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties? 





A) No genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype.
B) Each allele affected phenotypic expression.
C) The traits blended together during fertilization.
D) One phenotype was completely dominant over another.
E) Different genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype.






Answer: D

What do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?

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What do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross? 





A) A monohybrid cross involves a single parent, whereas a dihybrid cross involves two parents.
B) A monohybrid cross produces a single progeny, whereas a dihybrid cross produces two progeny.
C) A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters and a monohybrid cross involves only one.
D) A monohybrid cross is performed for one generation, whereas a dihybrid cross is performed for two generations.
E) A monohybrid cross results in a 9:3:3:1 ratio whereas a dihybrid cross gives a 3:1 ratio.







Answer: C

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

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Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that 






A) sister chromatids separate during anaphase.
B) DNA replicates before the division.
C) the daughter cells are diploid.
D) homologous chromosomes synapse.
E) the chromosome number is reduced.






Answer: A

How is natural selection related to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

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How is natural selection related to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction? 





A) Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction.
B) Sexual reproduction results in the most appropriate and healthiest balance of two sexes in the population.
C) Sexual reproduction results in the greatest number of new mutations.
D) Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced.
E) Sexual reproduction utilizes far less energy than asexual reproduction.






Answer: A

There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations.

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There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations. 


Since the rotifers develop from eggs, but asexually, what can you predict? 

A) The eggs and the zygotes are all haploid.
B) The animals are all hermaphrodites.
C) While asexual, both males and females are found in nature.
D) All males can produce eggs.
E) No males can be found.


Answer: E

Assuming that the eggs are diploid, tetraploid, or partially tetraploid, what mechanism may still occur without fertilization? 

A) meiosis in each generation
B) meiosis in every second generation
C) independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes
D) meiosis in times of adverse environmental conditions
E) crossing over of homologs


Answer: E

In these asexual rotifers, how does variation occur without meiosis and fertilization? 

A) The rotifers have evolved a different mechanism to exchange DNA.
B) Rotifers must produce haploid spores.
C) Variation is caused by mutation and maintained by selection.
D) Some rotifers must selectively lose chromosomes.
E) Rotifers must live only in specialized environments.


Answer: C

When homologous chromosomes crossover, what occurs?

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When homologous chromosomes crossover, what occurs? 






A) Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA.
B) Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA.
C) Specific proteins break the two strands and re-join them with their homologs.
D) Each of the four DNA strands of a tetrad is broken and the pieces are mixed.
E) Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa.





Answer: C

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of

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Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of 





A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I.
B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm.
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II.
D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.
E) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I, the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm, the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II, and the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.






Answer: A
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